Saw Machine Gun - The M249 Squad Automatic Weapon, or SAW, is a fixed-carrier, gas-operated, magazine or disintegrating metal clip-belt-fed, light machine gun featuring a fixed head position and a quick-change barrel. . The M249 fires the standard 5.56mm NATO cartridge which is extended and engages precision targets up to 800 meters. The SAW is the source of firepower for the fire team. The rifle has the option of using 30-round M16 magazines or ammunition loaded from pre-loaded 200-round plastic magazines.
The SAW was developed first as a military-led research and development, and later as a joint NDO project in the late 1970s/early 1980s to bring back a permanent and accurate weapon for teams. fire and equipment. When it was actually introduced in the mid-1980s, the SAW emerged as the sole replacement for the "automatic rifle" (M16A1) of choice in fire teams.
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In this regard, the SAA filled the void created by the retirement of the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) in the 1950s as a temporary weapon (eg the M-14E2/M16A1 was dropped ) as a "primary fire" weapon. When the SAW field began, the Army recognized the need for a Product Improvement Program (PIP) to improve the weapon. This effort received a "PIP Kit" to repair the barrel, handguard, stock, pistol grip, buffer and sights.
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The M249 is manufactured in the United States by FN Manufacturing LLC, a company in Columbia, South Carolina, and is widely used by the US military. It was introduced in 1984 after deciding which one was the best (compared to the number of weapons selected) to solve the lack of firepower in the units a little. The M249 provides the infantry with a high level of machine fire combined with the accuracy and mobility of a gun.
The M249 has an air-cooled, quick-change barrel (allowing the shooter to quickly change to a hot or solid barrel) and a bipod that folds in front of the weapon (a tripod is also available M192 LGM). ). The SAW can be fed from both attached guns and from STANAG magazines (similar to those used in the M16 and M4), the SAW operator can use it as a source of ammunition if the belt is finished. STANAG magazines should only be used in emergencies, but also because of a large shortage.
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In the year Since the American invasion of Panama in 1989, the M249 has seen action in major conflicts involving the United States. In 2009, the US Marine Corps selected the M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle to replace the M249 in USMC service.
In 1965, the primary weapons of the US Army and US Marine Corps were the M2 Browning and the M60. The M2 is a heavy machine gun, usually mounted on vehicles or on fixed emplacemts.
The M60 is a standard submachine gun intended to be carried by soldiers to provide heavy automatic fire.
Both guns were very heavy and usually required at least two sailors to operate properly.
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The Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), the Army's semi-automatic machine gun since its introduction in World War I, was discontinued in 1957 with the introduction of the M14 rifle (with a fully automatic version).
The "designated rifleman" in each unit is trained to use their weapon in full automatic mode, while other soldiers are often required to use their rifle's semi-automatic mode to increase accuracy and save guns.
Because the M14 and M16 rifles were not designed with continuous fire in mind, they often overheated or jammed.
The 20-round and 30-round magazines of these weapons limited their ability to sustain compared to fed weapons.
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The Army decided that a single machine gun would be good, lighter than the M60, but with more firepower than the M16. Soldiers no longer have to rely on rifles for automatic fire.
In the 1960s, the introduction of machine guns into the military was investigated in several studies.
Although there was a brief discussion with the idea of a machine gun or a dart gun during one study, most of the light machine tests were carried out on the Stoner 63 light machine gun, a modular device that could change easily for different purposes.
The Stoner 63 LMG saw significant combat in Vietnam with the Marine Corps, and later with the US Navy SEALs.
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In 1968, the Army's Small Arms Program planned for a new 5.56 mm caliber LMG, although no funds were allocated (5.56 mm weapons were not considered desirable by many armies ). Studies of improved 5.56 mm ammunition began, with improved performance.
In July 1970, the US Army approved the development of the LMG. At this time the name "Squad Automatic Weapon" (SAW) was introduced.
The actual design of the LMG cartridge did not begin until July 1971. A month later, Frankford Arsal decided on two cartridges for the new LMG: a 6 mm cartridge and a 5.56 cartridge. mm again larger.
No plan had been finalized until March 1972, when the Army released specifications for the proposed SAW.
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Before July 1972, SAW development contracts were awarded to Maremont, Philco Ford, and Rodman Laboratories in Rock Island. These companies produced designs with military designations XM233, XM234 and XM235 respectively - X dotting "experimental". The designs must weigh less than 9.07 kg (20 lb) and have a range of 800 m (2,600 ft), with 200 missiles.
Before receiving the designation XM249, a Belgian-designed Mini prototype was submitted to the US Infantry Board for review.
During the development and implementation of the SAW cartridges, three 5.56 mm cartridges were installed along with the 6 mm cartridges: the M16 HBAR, a heavy cartridge version of the M16 designed for long shot; Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (FN) Mini; and HK 23A1. The first round of testing was completed in December 1974.
In February 1976, the Minimi and Rodman XM235 SAW were selected for further development. At this time, the ideas of the 6mm cartridge were started because of the logistical consequences of giving some kind of weapon to the infantry.
File:peo M249 Saw Para Acog.jpg
In June, a revision of the SAW specification was requested to strengthen the standard 5.56 mm bullet. In October, the requested amendments were approved, and requests were made to convert the Rodman XM235 to 5.56 mm. Production of the modified XM235 was assigned to Ford Aerospace, and the designation was changed to XM248.
A new type of M16 HBAR, the XM106, was developed in 1978, and soon after, Heckler and Koch wanted to introduce a 5.56 mm variant of the HK 21A1 (instead of the standard 7.62 mm NATO generated from) in the next SAW test. . . The final model was designated XM262. Currently, the Mini has the name XM249.
In May 1980, the FN XM249 was selected as the best option for future development based on performance and cost, while the HK XM262 proved to be a close second.
The new gun entered the US Army as the M249 squad weapon in 1984 and was adopted by the US Marine Corps a year later. The US model has a different boot than the regular Mini.
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Although it is known to be reliable and accurate, the M249 is considered to have unacceptable damages in terms of hot box and sharp corners. There are complaints that require prior knowledge of specialized regulators. On August 23, 1985, th-U.S. Under Secretary of the Army James R. Ambrose halted production of the M249.
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