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In 2022 August 15 in 2022 December 9 Mario Todorov Cold War, diesel, diesel engine, engine, engines, gasoline, heavy tank, heavy tanks, is-2, IS-3, is2. is-4,is3,is4,isu-152,isu152,main tank,mbt,medium tanks,medium tanks,army,petrol,russia,russia,soviet union,soviet union,soviet union,t-10,t-34, t -44, t-54, t-62, t-72, t-90, t10, t34. t44, t54, t62, t72, t90, soviet union, v 12, v-2, v12, v2, v54, war, world war 2, world war 2, ww2, wwii
Russian Tank Engines
The V-2 engine is a V12 diesel engine developed by the Soviet Union in the 1930s and best known for the multitude of T-34s deployed during World War II. However, work on this engine continued and was used in the T-54, T-62, T-72 and T-90. Yes, you read that right, many of Russia's main tanks today use a modified version of the T-34 engine.
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This 38.8 liter beast has not only been used in tanks, but also has engines, trains, trucks, engineering vehicles and tractors.
Unfortunately, due to the highly varied and complex history of this engine, little is known about how the V-2 has evolved over the past 90 years.
But fear not, as this article takes a look at the history of this amazing engine and looks at many of the most famous uses and versions of the V-2.
This is probably worth noting as we hope it can be a reference for your own research into this important but rather obscure engine.
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Development of the V-2 began in 1931. as a potential new engine for future Soviet tanks and aircraft. It was created at the Kharkiv Locomotive Plant by a team of designers led by Konstantin Cheplan.
In the 1990s, the idea of a diesel engine suitable for both tanks and airplanes was popular with the experts of the Mechanization and Motorization Department of the Red Army. The Soviet Union's ability to produce high-quality gasoline - especially for aviation - was limited at the time, so diesel engines were considered the more reliable choice in many industries.
During World War II, the Soviet Union used diesel engines in its tanks, while most Allied and German tanks ran on gasoline. The photo was taken at TANKFEST 2022.
Cheplan drew attention to the AD-1 aircraft engine project, which in 1931 developed by Jacob Mayer of the Ukrainian Aviation Diesel Research Institute.
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He took several of Mayer's engine ideas, such as using steel threaded rods in the aluminum crankcase and block. This use of aluminum was quite advanced for its time, and most modern engines used cast iron blocks.
The V-2 was in direct competition with the AN-1 diesel engine. The AN-1 was designed by chief designer Alexei Kharomsky and, like the V-2, was a diesel V12. It would eventually be used in Soviet heavy bombers, and the M50-T version of this engine powered the IS-7 heavy tank.
This is the ACh-30, a later development of the AN-1. Some experimental versions of this engine produced up to 2,000 hp during World War II. Photo: Alf van Beem.
At the recommendation of aircraft engine designer Vladimir Klimov, the V-2 engine was the same width as Klimov's M-100 aircraft engine (a licensed copy of the Hispano-Suiza 12Y).
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The V-2 was a strikingly modern design for the 1930s, with twin overhead cams and four valves per cylinder. Displacing a massive 38.8 liters (2,367.7 cu in), its original versions produce 500 hp and more than 2,000 Nm of torque.
An interesting feature of the V-2 is that its stroke (how far the piston moves up and down the cylinder) was different on each plate. Travel on the left bank is 180 mm and on the right bank - 186.7 mm.
This is because the engine used main and slave piston rods, an arrangement where multiple connecting rods are attached to a single crankshaft main bearing. This reduces the space required to connect all the pistons to the crankshaft, which reduces the length of the crankshaft in engines with many pistons.
A partially chopped V-2 engine with features such as large pistons, dual overhead camshafts and steel rods. Image by Balcer CC BY 2.5.
Moscow Region, Russia
The V-2 underwent many trials, and tanks with the engine were tested by a government committee in 1935.
The following year, the P-5 flew with the BD-2A diesel engine, a forced-induction version of the V-2 producing 600 hp. It successfully passed flight tests, but the engine was no longer used in aviation, as other engines filled the role, such as the aforementioned AN-1.
Chief designer Cheplan was awarded the Order of Lenin for his work, but soon afterwards fell victim to Stalin's purges. Timofey Chupahin became the new chief engine designer.
Konstantin Chelpan probably did not know that the engine he created would become one of the most durable military engines of all time. Image by Hornet Driver CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Chupahin was part of the team working on the AN-1 engine and used all of his knowledge and experience to make the V-2 more reliable.
In 1938 three test engines failed due to mechanical problems, but in 1939 the engine passed government tests with satisfactory results and began serial production at the Kharkiv Locomotive Plant plant No. 75.
First, it's worth noting that all of the V-2 family engines used in World War II are diesel only, but not all were V12 engines.
Caution: The names and cylinder layouts of these engines can be somewhat misleading due to their "V" cylinder layout and "V" markings.
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The first versions of the V-2 were used in the BT-7M light tank, vehicles that were heavily involved in engine testing.
The BT-7M shown here was used extensively to test the V-2 engine. Video author: Хворостянов А.С. CC BY-SA 4.0.
It was also installed on the first series of T-34 tanks in 1940, but was soon replaced by the V-2-34. This was used in all versions of the tank until the end of World War II, the last of which was the T-34-85.
Naturally, the V-2-34 used variants of the T-34, such as the SU-85, SU-100 and SU-122 self-propelled guns.
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Another version, the 600 hp V-2K, was installed in 1939. in heavy tanks KV-1 and KV-2. The same engine was used in the KV-1S from 1942. and SU-152 heavy self-propelled gun from 1943. This type had a higher fuel injection pressure and ran at a higher RPM, making it more efficient but less reliable.
The 520 hp V-2-IS (V-2-10) was developed for late-war Soviet heavy IS tanks and vehicles using the same chassis, including the IS-1 and IS-2 heavy tanks and heavy tanks. self-propelled guns ISU-122, ISU-122S and ISU-152.
The IS-3 heavy tanks were powered by a 520 hp V-11, which evolved into the V-44 used in the T-44 medium tank. The V-44 was mounted sideways on the T-44 and featured structural elements that reduced engine height, reducing the overall profile of the tank.
When it was revealed, the IS-3 shocked Western leaders. However, it turned out to be rather lackluster. Photo by Billyhill CC BY-SA 4.0
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There were two other WWII-era Soviet vehicles that used V-2-based engines, the T-50 light tank, which used a V-4, 300 hp engine, and the Voroshilovets heavy artillery tractor, which used a 375 hp V-2V .
The history of the V-2 does not end with World War II, far from it. The engine continued to be developed throughout the Cold War and was used in almost all major Soviet tanks.
During the Cold War, all versions of the V-2, both serial and experimental, were produced at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. However, licensed copies of V-2 engines were produced in many countries, including China, India, Iraq, and Korea.
After World War II, a new version of the V-12 was developed for the IS-4 heavy tank. It had a supercharger and produced 750 hp. This version was very unreliable and was produced in small quantities.
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V-12 1953 was replaced by a V-12-5, 700 hp engine for the T-10 heavy tank.
The next big step in Soviet tank design was the T-54. This vehicle was revolutionary
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